The European Bifurcation Club
Branch Diameter Calculator
for Bifurcations & Trifurcations
This calculator is provided courtesy of:
Yiannis S. Chatzizisis, MD, PhD and the Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations at the University of Miami.
Disclaimer:
The EBC Branch Diameter Calculator provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the calculations, the provider of this calculator accepts no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the results generated by the calculator. The use of this calculator is at the user’s own risk. It is important to note that the results provided by the calculator should not be considered a substitute for professional advice or judgment. Users are advised to consult with a qualified professional or expert before making any decisions based on the results obtained from this calculator. By using this calculator, you agree to release the provider from any liability arising from or related to its use.
N.B. It should be acknowledged that diseased coronary vessels have variable degrees of positive or negative remodeling, therefore the estimations created by this calculator (based on Finet’s Law) have to be used with caution.
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Coronary Branch Diameter Calculator
for Bifurcations & Trifurcations
A tool developed at the University of Sheffield, UK, by Dr Daniel Taylor, Dr Paul Morris, Dr Alberto Biancardi
Calculate proximal main vessel diameter
Calculate distal vessel diameter
Calculate the proximal vessel size
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Calculate the distal vessel size
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Notes on use
This tool calculates the appropriate vessel size for coronary bifurcations and trifurcations. The main results use the Huo-Kassab law (DpMV2.33 = DdMV2.33 + DSB 2.33) (1) , which was derived using the theory of minimum work. Several laws and equations for calculating the appropriate size of coronary arteries have been proposed. A recent meta-analysis of eighteen published studies and >1000 unique coronary trees (2) generated the Taylor-Morris exponent and law (DpMV2.39 = DdMV2.39 + DSB2.39). This shows excellent agreement with the Huo-Kassab law for all bifurcation types. Finet’s equation (DpMV = 0.678 (DdMV + DSB)) describes a fractal relationship between the diameters of the main daughter vessel and side branch and was derived from an observational analysis of coronary intravascular ultrasound data (3). Finet’s equation is mathematically simpler to apply and agrees with both the Taylor-Morris and Huo- Kassab laws for symmetrical bifurcations (i.e. when the distal main vessel and side branch are similar in size), but agreement is not accurate for asymmetrical bifurcations. First described in 1926, Murray’s law was the original theoretical law of branching vascular trees (DpMV3 = DdMV3 + DSB3) (4) and also was derived from the principle of minimum work. Unlike the Huo-Kassab law, it considers bifurcations in isolation, and neglects the resistance of the distal tree. For symmetrical bifurcations (distal vessels similar in size), Murray’s law underestimates the size of the proximal main vessel compared with the other laws. These laws relate to vessel sizes in the healthy state, whereas diseased coronary arteries my undergo negative or positive remodelling. For this reason, the results of the calculator should be used with caution.
- D
- diameter
- MV
- main vessel
- SB
- side branch
- d
- distal
- p
- proximal
References
- Huo Y, Kassab GS. Intraspecific scaling laws of vascular trees. J R Soc Interface. 2012;9(66):190-200.
- Taylor DJ, Saxton H, Halliday I, Newman T, Hose D, Kassab GS, et al. A systematic review and meta- analysis of Murray's Law in the Coronary Arterial Circulation. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2024.
- Finet G, Gilard M, Perrenot B, Rioufol G, Motreff P, Gavit L, et al. Fractal geometry of arterial coronary bifurcations: a quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound analysis. EuroIntervention. 2008;3(4):490-8.
- Murray CD. The physiological principle of minimum work: I. The vascular system and the cost of blood volume. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1926;12(3):207-14.
The Coronary Branch Diameter Calculator provided above is for educational purposes only. The authors have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the calculations, but accept no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the results generated. Use of this calculator is at the user’s own risk and results should not be considered a substitute for professional advice or judgment. The results of this calculator may be informative, and do not replace the judgement of a qualified clinical professional. By using this calculator, you agree to release the providers from any liability arising from or related to its use.